hen we talk about IP code (International Protection) we talk about an international standard (IEC 60529) which classifies the protection against external factors, solid or liquid, that has a component or electronic device; LED strips, controllers, meters, security cameras, etc.

This alpha-numerically standard has been designed to sort different levels of protection. Nomenclature starts with IP followed by two numeric values.

- Example IP68:

The first value ranges from 0 to 6 and indicates the protection against solid agents. In this case, strong protection against dust.

The second value is between 0 and 8 and indicates the protection against liquid agents. In this case the complete and prolonged immersion during the time specified by the manufacturer.

We could say that the larger the number is greater IP protection has a device.

In below table, we can see different IP protections levels available.

IPXX	First digit (IPxx)	Second digit (IPxx)
0	Unprotected.	Unprotected.
1	Protection against objects of> 50 mm diameter.	Protection against vertically dripping water.
2	Protection against objects of> 12.5 mm diameter.	Protection against inclined drip water up to 15°.
3	Protection against objects of> 2 mm in diameter.	Protection against water projected from any direction, up to 60°.
4	Protection against objects of> 1 mm in diameter.	Protection against splashing water any direction.
5	Ingress of dust is not entirely revented, but it must not enter in sufficient quantity to interfere with the satisfactory operation of the equipment .	Protection against water jets.
6	Dust tight.	Protection against strong jets of water.
7		Protection against complete immersion up to 1 meter for 30 minutes.
8		Protection against complete and prolonged immersion.

VDC would be the abbreviation for Volt Direct Current which translated would volts direct current. The idea of ??this type is unidirectional current to the load. Direct current is normally produced by batteries, thermocouples, solar cells and a dynamo electric machine type. The direct current can flow in conductors such as wires, but may also flow through semiconductors, insulators ... In the image: 1 - current per pulse 2 - Direct Current (DC) 3 - Alternating Current (AC) 4 - Variable Current

Photovoltaic energy is produced by solar radiation using devices called photovoltaic cells. It is ideal for supplying all kinds of isolated houses, shelters, but also can be used to supply electricity on a large scale. We show the operating principle "In a semiconductor exposed to light, a photon of energy starts an electron, creating both a" gap "in the atom excitador. Normally, the electron quickly finds another hole to refill it, and the energy provided by the photon thus dissipates as heat. The principle of a photovoltaic cell is to force the electrons and holes to move towards the opposite side of the material rather than simply recombine in it: thus, there will be a potential difference and thus tension between the two sides of the material,as in a stack "The first ground application of a commercial installation of photovoltaic cell was developed in Japan in 1966. In the picture: 1 - PV Modules 2 - Regulation and Control 3 - Battery 4 - Inverter to power.... 220V

IP65 Although it seems very complicated nomenclature IP standards is only one division in two digits, where each digit indicates that it is being served to meet these regulations. For the first digit would be: 0 No protection 1 element to be used for testing (sphere 50 mm in diameter) should not get to go completely. 2 element to be used for the test (area of ??12.5 mm diameter) should not get to go completely. 3 element to be used for testing (sphere 2.5 mm in diameter) must not come at all. 4 element to be used for the test (sphere of 1 mm in diameter) must not come at all. 5 ingress of dust can not be avoided, but it must not enter an amount that interferes with the proper functioning of equipment. 6 polvo should not come under any circumstances in the case of the second digit: Level Protection Against Expected Results Test Method 0 The water enters the equipment quickly. 1 The equipment is placed in their usual work. Should not enter the water when it is dropped from 200 mm height from the team for 10 minutes (at a rate of 3-5 mm³ per minute) 2, the equipment is put into lugar normal work. You should not enter the water when the leaves fall, for 10 minutes (at a rate of 3-5 mm³ per minute). This test should be performed four times at a rate of one for every 15 ° rotation both vertically and horizontally, starting each time the normal position. 3 The equipment is placed in their usual work. You should not enter the water spray at an angle up to 60 ° right and leftvertically to an average of 10 liters per minute and a pressure of 80-100kN/m for a time not less than 5 minutes. 4 The equipment is placed in their usual work. You should not enter the water thrown from any angle to an average of 10 liters per minute and a pressure of 80-100kN/m for a time not less than 5 minutes. 5 The equipment is placed in their usual work. Should not enter waterthrown jet (from any angle) by means of a nozzle 6.3 mm in diameter, at an average of 12.5 liters per minute and a pressure of 30 kN/m for a time not less than 3 minutes and a no closer than 3 meters. 6 The equipment is placed in their usual work. You should not enter water squirted (from any angle) through a nozzle diameter of 12.5 mm, an average of 100 liters per minute and a pressure of 100 kN/m² for at least three minutes at a distance of not less than 3 meters. 7 The object must endure without any filtration complete immersion in 1 meter for 30 minutes. 8 electrical/electronic equipment must withstand (without filtration) complete and continuous immersion depth and during the time specified by the manufacturer of the product with the agreement ofclient, but provided they are more severe than those specified for the value 7. For IP65 should meet the following standard conditions. Would hold cirscuntancias be dusty and prevent to enter under any cirscuntacia, and bear no powerful jets of water.

AWG stands for "American Wire Gauge". It's used to represent measures of cable length and section.

This is an AWG conversion table:

AWG	Diam. mm	Area mm2		AWG	Diam. mm	Area mm2
1	7.35	42.40		16	1.29	1.31
2	6.54	33.60		17	1.15	1.04
3	5.86	27.00		18	1.024	0.823
4	5.19	21.20		19	0.912	0.653
5	4.62	16.80		20	0.812	0.519
6	4.11	13.30		21	0.723	0.412
7	3.67	10.60		22	0.644	0.325
8	3.26	8.35		23	0.573	0.259
9	2.91	6.62		24	0.511	0.205
10	2.59	5.27		25	0.455	0.163
11	2.30	4.15		26	0.405	0.128
12	2.05	3.31		27	0.361	0.102
13	1.83	2.63		28	0.321	0.0804
14	1.63	2.08		29	0.286	0.0646
15	1.45	1.65		30	0.255	0.0503